Two separate problems stacked here, the protection and the table extraction and the protection type determines whether this is easy or blocked, so untangle them first:

Understand the protection, because there are two kinds: a PDF can have an open password, needed to view it at all or a permissions password, which allows viewing but restricts actions like copying, editing or extracting. Financial reports you can open but not extract from carry the second kind, permissions restrictions and since you can already read the document, you have what you need to work with it, the restriction being on convenience rather than access.

The clean route for permissions restricted PDFs you are authorized to use: open the PDF, and if you can view it, the simplest extraction is often selecting the table and copying, which some permissions settings still allow, pasting into Excel. Where copy is blocked, printing the PDF to a new PDF, print to PDF, sometimes produces an unrestricted copy since you are recreating it from what you can legitimately view, which then converts freely. This is legitimate for a document you are authorized to use whose restriction merely inconveniences your authorized work.

The table extraction itself, the second problem: even an unrestricted PDF needs good table extraction and the tools that do it well are Adobe Acrobat's Export to Excel, which preserves table structure, Excel's own Data, Get Data, From File, From PDF feature in recent versions which pulls tables directly and dedicated tools like Tabula, free and built specifically for extracting tables from PDFs into CSV. Excel's native From PDF import is often the cleanest for someone who just wants the tables in Excel with the least fuss.

The honest boundary: if the PDF has an open password you do not have, that is genuine access control and the answer is obtaining the password from whoever sent it, not circumventing it. The routes above address the common case of authorized users inconvenienced by permissions restrictions on documents they can already read, which is a workflow problem rather than a security one.