Two kinds of sharing to unwind, granted permissions and published copies, plus one verification pass. All three below:
1
Revoke the colleague permissions: open the Calendar, and on the Folder tab click Calendar Permissions. The list shows every person with access, select each name and Remove. Leave the Default and Anonymous entries in place but confirm both show None as their permission level, Default set to anything higher is itself a share to your whole organization.
2
Kill the published copy: on the Home tab check Publish Online, E-mail Calendar area. If the calendar was published to the web, the menu offers Remove from Server, use it and the published URL dies server side, cutting off anyone who bookmarked it.
3
Check for sharing invitations that granted access through your delegates: File, Account Settings, Delegate Access lists anyone with delegate rights including calendar, remove entries the dead project created.
4
Verify from the outside: ask one of the formerly permitted colleagues to try opening your calendar, or check yourself from a test account if you have one. Their access failing is the confirmation that beats any settings dialog.
One Outlook 2010 era footnote: published calendars from that period sometimes went through the old Office.com sharing service, whose links died when Microsoft retired the service, so a publish you cannot find in the menu anymore may already be dead by obsolescence. The Remove from Server step covers publishes that still show, the retirement covered the rest.